A Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) is a combination of renewable and conventional energy sources, it may also combine two or more renewable energy sources that work in a standalone or grid-connected mode.
A solar-wind hybrid renewable energy system is a combination of two distinct renewable energy sources: solar power and wind power. By integrating these two technologies, we can generate electricity more consistently and efficiently, as they often complement each other in terms of energy production. Here are the key components and benefits of a solar-wind hybrid system:
Solar Power
- Photovoltaic (PV) panels are used to convert sunlight into electricity.
- Solar power is most effective during daylight hours, especially when the sun is shining brightly.
- It can provide a stable and predictable energy source when there is abundant sunlight.
Wind Power
- Wind turbines are used to harness the kinetic energy of the wind and convert it into electricity.
- Wind power is most effective during windy periods, which can occur both day and night.
- It can provide energy when there is ample wind, making it more consistent compared to solar power.
Energy Storage
- To guarantee a consistent energy supply, energy storage systems, such as batteries, can be employed. Excessive energy produced by wind and solar can be stored and used when these renewable resources are not generating electricity.
Hybrid Controller and Inverter
- A control system manages the flow of electricity between the solar panels, wind turbines, and energy storage. It optimizes power generation based on weather conditions and energy demand.
- Inverters are used to convert the DC electricity generated by solar panels and wind turbines into AC electricity suitable for use in homes or industries.
Current Scenario of Renewable Energy in India
In Financial Year 2023 (FY) i.e., from April 2022 till March 2023, approximately 12,784 MW solar capacity and 2,276 MW of wind capacity was added in India. Solar installations decreased by 8% while wind installations increased significantly by 105% as compared to FY2022.
In terms of cumulative installations, according to the data released by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) till March 2023, India’s RE installation capacity reached 125.2 GW. Solar energy contributes approximately 53% share of the total RE segment, followed by wind energy (34%), Bio Power (9%), and Small Hydro (4%).
Source: MNRE
Source: MNRE
However, various constraints have hindered the progress of renewable energy in India. Achieving grid parity, where the cost of renewable energy equals or becomes lower than conventional energy sources, is a crucial goal in transitioning to a sustainable energy future. Here are some of the major constraints that have hampered the development of renewable energy in India:
- Lack of Grid Infrastructure: India’s electricity grid infrastructure is not well-equipped to handle the integration of renewable energy sources. The intermittent nature of solar and wind power makes it essential to have a reliable and flexible grid system that can manage these fluctuations effectively.
- Intermittency and Variability: Solar and wind power generation is intermittent and varies with weather conditions. This can lead to challenges in meeting the demand for a consistent and stable power supply, especially during periods of low renewable energy generation.
- Energy Storage: The need for energy storage solutions, such as batteries, to store excess energy generated during peak times and provide power during low-generation periods is a significant challenge. Affordable and efficient energy storage technologies are essential for making renewable energy reliable.
- Land Acquisition and Space: Large-scale solar and wind projects require substantial land or space, which can be challenging to acquire, especially in densely populated regions. Balancing renewable energy expansion with land-use considerations is a constraint.
- Financial Constraints: While the development of a coal-based power plant requires around Rs 4 crore per MW, the investment required a wind-based plant, with a capacity utilization of 25%, which requires an investment of Rs 6 crore per MW. The initial capital costs of setting up solar and wind projects can be high. While the operational costs are relatively low, obtaining financing for these projects can be a barrier to their development.
- Policy and Regulatory Hurdles: Inconsistent and frequently changing policies and regulations related to renewable energy can create uncertainty for investors and developers. Clear and stable policies are crucial to attract investments.
- Lack of Skilled Workforce: Developing and maintaining renewable energy systems requires a skilled workforce. India faces a shortage of qualified personnel with expertise in the installation and maintenance of renewable energy systems.
- Technological Advancements: Keeping up with the latest advancements in solar and wind energy technology is essential. A lack of access to cutting-edge technology can hinder the efficiency and competitiveness of renewable energy projects.
- Transmission and Distribution Losses: India experiences significant losses during the transmission and distribution of electricity. Reducing these losses is vital for making renewable energy more effective in meeting the country’s power needs.
- Environmental Concerns: Balancing the environmental benefits of renewable energy with potential ecological impacts is a challenge. Proper environmental impact assessments and mitigation measures are essential.
Despite these constraints, India has made significant progress in the renewable energy sector. The country has set ambitious renewable energy targets and introduced various initiatives and incentives to promote clean energy development. With continued investment, innovation, and a concerted effort to address these challenges, India can realize its potential for a sustainable energy future through grid parity and the expansion of solar and wind energy systems.
Shibna Hussain is pursuing PhD in the Dept. of Renewable Energy, RTU Kota. Her research area is Smart Grid Management systems, Solar-wind hybrid energy systems, and Demand-Side management system.
Dr. Santosh Kumar Sharma is working as an Assistant Professor in Electrical Engg. Dept., Rajasthan Technical University, Kota. He did his PhD from RTU Kota. His research areas are power system analysis, PV system, microgrid and renewable energy assessment.
